Published on Sep 03, 2023
Very often we see that many road accidents take place. This can be due to driver’s or rider’s ignorance of traffic signals and road signs. Many people die in these road accidents which is a great loss for the family. Android Based signboard detection is one such approach where the driver gets information about upcoming hurdle in advance. Also, whenever it detects a pedestrian movement the vehicle stops and speed reduces in speed limited zones. This approach can help in avoiding mishaps to a greater extent.
At night it is difficult for driver to keep track of signboards, answer of these issues and problem is the ‘android based signboard detection system using image and voice alert system’.
This project is based on Renesas RL78 microcontroller which is a 16-bit controller. For attaining the task mentioned we choose RF based wireless transmission [1], which is a better and cheaper means for communicating between the vehicle and the transmitter. The transmitters will be placed in the signboards, which will be holding the code for the corresponding sign. The receivers will be placed in the vehicle and whenever the vehicle enters into the transmission area it will receive the corresponding control code and display the data in the LCD. This data is transferred to an android mobile, where images of respective sign board are displayed. As soon as the driver receives the signal a buzzer is activated to intimate the driver to view the images in display.
Drivers travelling on roadways in their vehicles are provided with many different control signs having control information, such as sign directed cautions, Speed Limit, level Crossing, Construction Sites, U turn, Accident spot, school zones ,dangerous intersections ,sharp turns and other sign related information. But these signs are usually overseen or they might not be placed properly. Instead if we send indications from the Hazard area itself, and make the vehicle receive this information wirelessly before the driver reaches that area then suitable action can be taken prior and can avoid mishaps. So basically it is an adjustable traffic control system with a remotely controlled traffic control system having information of different signs.
The device has 2 parts
a) Transmitter –RF Tx
b) Vehicle – Controller with RF Rx This is the primary part and this module has a controller which is fixed in the Vehicle itself.
It receives information about the obstacles or any info in that surrounding area through RF Receiver-Antenna. It has RF decoder, Android application, buzzer etc.
Road facilities are a major concern in the developed world. Recent studies show that one third of the number of fatal or serious accidents are associated with excessive or inappropriate speed, as well as changes in the roadway (like the presence of road-work or unexpected obstacles). Reduction of the number of accidents and mitigation of their consequences are a big concern for traffic authorities, the automotive industry and transport research groups. One important line of action consists in the use of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), which are acoustic, hectic or visual signals produced by the vehicle itself to communicate to the driver the possibility of a collision. These systems are somewhat available in commercial vehicles today, and future trends indicate that higher safety will be achieved by automatic driving controls and a growing number of sensors both on the road infrastructure and the vehicle itself. A prime example of driver assistance systems is cruise control, which has the capability of maintaining a constant user preset speed and its evolution, the adaptive cruise control, which adds to cruise control the capability of keeping a safe distance from the preceding vehicle.
into a smart home network. In this project, the XBee Wi-Fi module by Digi International® Inc. was utilized [10]. An XBee starter kit was included to aid the configuration of the XBee Wi-Fi module. The XBee Wi-Fi module was configured to enable the establishment of a Wi-Fi direct connection. The XCTU software [11] by Digi International® Inc. was used to configure several serial interfacing settings, network settings and addressing settings of the XBee Wi-Fi module. Among these parameters, the crucial ones would be setting the baud rate to 9600 bits per second (bps). Besides, the network infrastructure mode was selected as Soft AP mode (Wi-Fi direct). Not least, the IP protocol was chosen as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the IP address as well as port number were assigned.
In this, students perform the speed control of DC motor via L293. The Renesas architecture based R5F100LEA Microcontroller is used to implement the sign board detection using android, the programming is done using Renesas flash programmer, cube suit+, embedded c
Figure 1, shows the block diagram of the proposed system.LCD is used only for testing purpose. Bluetooth to transfer data to the android mobile. Only for demo concern, android mobile is used to display images. As a future product, the embedded unit and android application will be integrated in a single unit. Demo is shown with single transmitter unit. DIP switch is used to change the unique code for respective sign boards. R5F100LEA microcontroller from Renesas is used to implement this project. Microcontroller acts as the heart of this project, which controls the whole system.
It contains of Flash ROM 64KB, RAM 4KB and Data Flash 4KB, and it has High speed on-chip oscillator, Self-reprogrammable under software control, 58 GPIO’s, 3 UART’s, Simplified I2C, 10 bits resolution ADC, 28 Interrupt Sources, ISP programming support etc. The transmitter module consists of four bits DIP switch, which is used to give different codes, an HT12E encoder and an RF transmitter. The code from Dip switch is sent through RF transmitter. In the receiver module, there is an RF receiver which will receive the code. Renesas microcontroller RL78 is the heart of the receiver and displays the message on LCD about every signboard which is about to come. Same message is received on our android phones by interfacing it through Bluetooth. PIR sensor is used to detect any pedestrian movement. Whenever PIR sensor senses the pedestrian movement it sends the signal to RL78 and the speed of the vehicle stops. L293D is used here to slow down or stop the vehicle and DC motor is used to show any change in speed when a human is detected. Flowchart of interfacing of DC motor is shown below:
Figure 2 shows the interfacing of the DC motor with L293D IC and RL78. The Java development kit is used to develop applets in android phones, the development kit programmed to compile, debug and run applets and applications is written in the Java language. The eclipse platform has been designed for building integrated web and application development tool and provides a user interface for working with tools designed to run on multiple operating languages. The Android tools use to create an integrated environment for the eclipse to build Android applications shown in Figure 3. The following steps have been taken while developing the graphical user interface using eclipse.
When the vehicle enters in the vicinity of transmitter it will receive message on its android phone and embedded screen along with voice alert system. Figure 4 shows the hardware setup for transmitter which will be placed on each and every signboard. The vehicle will have a receiver which will receive the message on its LCD screen and android phones. Every code is equivalent to a particular signboard. Figure 5 shows hardware setup of receiver. Receiver consists of an PIR sensor which when detects a human or pedestrian motion send the signal to the microcontroller. Accordingly, microcontroller sends the signal to L293D IC which is responsible control the speed of the vehicle. Here DC motor represents the vehicle and which is used to test change in speed of the motor.
Vehicle will slow down near a hump, school zone and hospital zone, and will stop when a pedestrian is detected, [3]. An android app is designed using java which gives an image and voice alert system. First the user has to login while accessing the app
After logging in, the user has to pair the device with HC05 bluetooth which is a part of receiver to interface phone with microcontroller.
After the device is connected to Bluetooth, it is ready to use, as shown in Figure 7. Whenever it receives a particular code, the corresponding signboard image along with voice alert is received
The desired model helps in getting information about what is coming next on the road. The proposed design helps in reducing no. of accidents and reduce the possibility of avoiding road signs. It stops the vehicle if a human motion or pedestrian movement and slows down at areas where it is mandatory to maintain speed limit. In future it can help to reduce accidents in greater extent as most of the accidents takes place when signboards are neglected or avoided.
[1] Ankita Mishra 1, Jyoti Solanki 2 , Harshala Bakshi 3, Priyanka Saxena 4, Pranav Paranjpe ―Design of RF based speed control system for vehicles‖ International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 1, Issue 8, October 2012.
[2] Telaprolu.m.k,sarma,V.V.;.;ratankanth,E.K.;Rao,S. N.;Banda,v.,vehicular Electronics and safety (ICVES), IEEE international conference Pune (2009).
[3] Kassem, N. Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA Kosba, A.E.; Youssef, M.;VRF-Based Vehicle Detection and Speed Estimation vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), IEEE (2012).
